Today, millions of people remain excluded from the digital economy. Around 40% of the world’s population have no internet access, giving rise to a damaging digital divide.
Unsurprisingly, middle-income countries are keen for more of their citizens and businesses to harness the potential of the internet. However, they remain constrained by issues around affordable and secure internet connectivity; a lack of digital skills; ineffective governance of the internet; and inappropriate regulation of the ICT sector.
And even as they do improve digital access for their citizens, improvements in digital safety and security typically lag far behind. The gap between the two is fertile ground for cybercrime. Safe access remains a distant goal.
The longer that gap remains, the more people are at risk of harm. And the longer they remain at risk, the more likely they are to become disenfranchised from the digital revolution.
A double-edged sword
Improved digital access can therefore be a double-edged sword. The internet and digital technologies are powerful catalysts for economic growth and development – but they are also a growing source of criminal activity and covert operations by hostile nation states and other actors.
The cyber harms perpetrated by criminals and other threat actors act as a brake on development and prosperity gains. They reduce trust in technology and the internet, particularly among the economically vulnerable. Afraid and unsure, the very people who most need the socio-economic benefit of being online risk missing out.
Naturally, governments are doing all they can to shore up their cyber defences, making their systems and infrastructure more resilient and educating their populations on cybersecurity. Currently lacking the capacity to do all of this themselves, this represents a substantial challenge – but one that the UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is working with foreign governments to help them address.
The Digital Access Programme
Through its Digital Access Programme (DAP), the FCDO, supported by KPMG, worked with five countries – Brazil, Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Indonesia – to improve their digital capabilities. Backed by UK Aid funds from the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund, the DAP was the UK government’s largest ever overseas cyber capacity building project.
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Drawing on the UK’s depth and breadth of cyber experience, the DAP promoted affordable digital connectivity while also building trust and resilience within cyberspace and protecting the most vulnerable in society.
Pillar 1 of the programme focused on helping the partner countries to improve digital access, reducing poverty and stimulating inclusive economic growth by bringing poor and excluded populations into the digital economy. In Pillar 2, with £10 million of funding, the focus switched from access to safety. Here, the aim was to provide technical assistance to strengthen defences against the cyber threats and harms that affect governments, businesses and citizens, especially vulnerable groups at risk of online abuse or exploitation.
Over an 18-month period from April 2021, the DAP was initially supporting 15 capacity building projects designed to reduce the threat of cyber harms. KPMG was engaged to plan, design and deliver these projects, working closely with partner organisations in those five countries to do so.
These projects covered a range of activities, from helping the Nigerian police develop its digital forensic capability to delivering Brazil’s new cybersecurity school curriculum; from developing Indonesia’s national cybersecurity strategy to improving the South African police’s ability to prosecute cyber criminals. In each instance, the ambition was to build a sustainable capability that allowed national partner governments to better protect their citizens online or to defend their critical national infrastructure from cyber threats.
The Africa Cyber Programme
Following on from the Digital Access Programme, the African Cyber Programme funded by the FCDO and supported by KPMG continues the work in three countries – Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa – to improve cyber capability and maturity and reduce harm. Over a 16-month period £3 million is being invested to support 6 main projects in these three countries. Projects include supporting the South African Police Service (SAPS) by developing and delivering a course for Detectives to help them solve cybercrime, improving Kenyan citizen's awareness of cyber threats and the governments’ strategy for addressing this, including providing a specific toolkit for SMEs to use, and in Nigeria supporting judges, prosecutors and law enforcement officers with digital evidence handling and digital forensic training to strengthen their capacity to prosecute cybercrimes.
Ultimately, the ACP builds on the UK’s cybersecurity experience to help these countries improve safe digital access, bring excluded populations into the digital economy, reduce poverty and stimulate inclusive economic growth.
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