Our study is based on 71 of the banks located in Luxembourg in 2023. We have categorized the banks into three distinct segments based on their primary business focus:
- Private banks: These institutions specialize mainly in managing the personal finances of high net worth individuals (HNWIs). They offer a comprehensive range of financial services tailored to the unique needs of affluent clients.
- Depository banks: These banks primarily provide custody services, safeguarding assets for their affiliated groups and institutional clients worldwide.
- Universal banks: Universal banks cater to a broader clientele by offering deposits, business loans, payment solutions and basic investment products or a combination of all the services listed above.
Two banks that specialize in issuing covered bonds were not included in these segments due to their specific business type. Branches were also excluded from our analysis.